Costa Rica's banana sector recorded a 20.7% decline in exports in the first half of 2025 compared to the same period last year. Excessive rainfall and the spread of Black Sigatoka disease were identified as the main drivers, according to the National Banana Corporation (Corbana).
Most plantations are located in the Caribbean region, where prolonged rains from late 2024 into early 2025 led to soil saturation. Erick Bolaños, Corbana's director of technical assistance, said, "We've seen a cumulative effect of rainfall that cut fruit production significantly." He added that a storm on August 14 brought strong winds and further downpours, worsening the situation.
Black Sigatoka, a fungal disease that reduces yields by attacking banana leaves, developed rapidly under wet conditions. Corbana reported that more than 1,500 millimeters of rain fell in three months late last year, creating conditions that carried into 2025.
Banana exports are a major source of income for Costa Rica, supporting employment in rural areas. In 2024, the country shipped 125.5 million boxes, but this year's decline has reduced earnings for producers and related businesses. As the world's third-largest banana exporter, Costa Rica supplies Europe, the U.S., and other markets, so changes in availability could influence international trade flows.
Corbana expects some recovery in the second half of 2025. Forecasts suggest the export deficit may shrink by around 5% if drier weather slows disease pressure. Projections for 2026, however, point to below-average fruit availability, which could affect prices.
Marcial Chaverri Rojas, Corbana's general manager, said, "We provide full support to the sector, tackling climate issues with science and tech," highlighting the role of plant health measures and the development of banana varieties adapted to tropical conditions.
Long-term studies indicate that climate change could make up to 60% of current banana-growing areas unsuitable by 2080, due to temperature increases and pest pressure. Analysts note that Costa Rica is among the more vulnerable countries in Latin America, where bananas account for a large share of export revenues.
Growers are responding with improved drainage systems and trials with disease-resistant plants. However, climate variability continues to put pressure on production. For now, the industry is focused on recovery while preparing for ongoing shifts in weather patterns.
Source: The Tico Times